The aim of this study was to design and investigate a tri-wideband Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped fractal antenna for wireless communication applications. designed a wheel-like fractal antenna suitable for IMT, GSM, LTE, and WLAN bands. reported a dual wideband modified Sierpinski square fractal antenna. introduced a stair-shaped fractal antenna that resonated at 3.65, 4.825, and 6.325 GHz.
presented a multiband circular fractal antenna with parasitic SRR, which operates at 3, 5, 6.8, 7.5, and 8.5 GHz. designed a multiband plus-shaped fractal antenna with dual frequency bands covering the Global System for Mobile (GSM) band, 5G spectrum band, sub-6 GHz band, Long Term Evolution (LTE) band, and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band.
reported a hexagon Koch snowflake fractal antenna shielded the broad bandwidth (3.265–8.2 GHz). designed a fractal antenna for an X-band application it consisted of a four-fold centrosymmetric radiating element. presented an annular ring fractal antenna for wideband operation. investigated a circular fractal antenna with Split Ring Resonator (SRR) stubs for multiband wireless applications. The findings were then compared to the experimental results, which were found to be in strong agreement. Utilizing CST MWS, the performance of the suggested Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped fractal antenna was achieved. The investigated antenna exhibited good gain with almost omnidirectional radiation patterns. These frequency ranges are compatible with a variety of wireless technologies, including WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, LTE, RFID, Bluetooth, 5G spectrum band, C-band, and X-band. According to the measurements, the designed antenna resonates throughout the frequency ranges of 2.19–4.43 GHz, 4.8–7.76 GHz, and 8.04–11.32 GHz. The investigated antenna has a small footprint of 0.19λ 0 × 0.24 λ 0 × 0.0128 λ 0 and improved bandwidth and gain. The fractal manufactured antenna developed has a Sierpinski hexagonal-shaped radiating element and a partial ground plane loaded with three rectangular stubs and three rectangular slits. This paper introduces a new tri-wideband fractal antenna for use in wireless communication applications.
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